Collection Mss 441 (A15-040) - Louis Riel Letter to Pierre Lavallee

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Louis Riel Letter to Pierre Lavallee

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  • Textual record

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Collection

Reference code

CA UMASC Mss 441 (A15-040)

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Issuing jurisdiction and denomination (philatelic)

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Name of creator

(1844-1885)

Biographical history

Louis Riel was born in Red River, the eldest of eleven children in a close family of Métis elite. He was educated in St. Boniface and then sent to the Petit Seminaire de Montreal. He withdrew from college after his father's death, perhaps because of romantic problems, and became a law clerk. He returned to Red River around 1868 and soon became embroiled in the prospective Canadian annexation of the settlement, gradually coming to lead Métis hostility to the transfer. At the beginning, he sheltered behind the titular leadership of John Bruce, listening carefully to the advice of Father Joseph-Noel Ritchot, but gradually he asserted his own voice. His direction of the Red River Rebellion (1869-1870) as president of the provincial government was for the most part brilliant, marred only by the execution of the Orangeman Thomas Scott, which enabled the Canadian government to turn him into an outlaw. In 1871, he helped raise a Métis force to support the new province against the Fenians. He was subsequently elected to Parliament from Provencher on several occasions but was expelled from the House of Commons. In 1875, he was granted an amnesty for deeds committed in 1869-1870, providing he remained in exile for five years. Unhappy and frustrated in the United States, he spent some time in mental asylums in Quebec from 1876 to 1878 before going to Montana, where he married and became an American citizen. In June 1884, he was asked by a group of Métis and English settlers in the Saskatchewan Valley to lead them in protest against the Canadian government. The protest turned to violence in 1885, and the Métis led by Riel were quickly and brutally suppressed after their military defeat at the Battle of Batoche. He was tried for treason, rejecting a plea of insanity advanced by his lawyers, and was hanged at Regina on November 16, 1885.

Custodial history

This collection was purchased by the University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections from Uno Langmann Ltd. in May 2015. Prior to Uno Langmann the letter was owned by Dr. Jean Trudel (of St. Boniface) and was in the custody of the Trudel family. A copy of the letter was published in "Le Manitoba" on June 15, 1885.

Scope and content

The letter is dated 1883 and is addressed to Monsieur Pierre Lavallée, Court Clerk of Marquette-East, Clerk and Treasurer of the Municipality of St. Francois Xavier. The letter congratulates Lavallée on his public position and encourages Lavallée to do his best to promote the interests of a favourable relationship between the Métis and French Canadians. Riel highlights the many qualities of the Métis and admirable qualities of French Canadians. Riel emphasizes the necessity of a good relationship with and the connections between the Métis and French Canadians.

Notes area

Physical condition

Immediate source of acquisition

Uno Langmann Ltd.

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Language of material

  • French

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There are no restrictions on access.

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Associated materials

A digitized copy of the letter is available at the at the link below: Letter from Louis Riel to Pierre Lavallee

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Status

Draft

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Partial

Dates of creation, revision and deletion

Created by Andrea Martin, May 2015

Language of description

  • English

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physical storage

  • Map cabinet: Map cabinet - 2015